──── Deterministic harmonic lattice classification

A shared scale for pharmaceutical classification across six target families.

DHLC ranks drug candidates on one dimensionless axis, whether the target is an ion channel, ligand-gated receptor, or GPCR.

No statistical training. No per-target curve fitting. The method maps standard pharmacological measurements into activity zones using a fixed parameter package and a dual-mode rule for multi-target compounds.

02 · The approach

Drug discovery treats each target class on its own scale.

A Kv7 opener, a sodium-channel blocker, and a GPCR partial agonist are usually evaluated with different units, assay formats, and scoring conventions. Therapeutic potential does not translate cleanly across those scales.
Multi-target compounds make the problem sharper. Activity at a single target may be sub-threshold, while the therapeutic effect emerges from the joint distribution of weak engagements across several targets.
Standard molecular classifiers can miss this because the multi-target distinction is metadata about pharmacology, not a feature that necessarily appears in a SMILES string, molecular fingerprint, or physicochemical descriptor.

Aripiprazole was misclassified by Random Forest with RDKit descriptors in 50 out of 50 random seeds.

From the validation benchmark: no tested seed recovered the right answer from structural features alone.

02 · The approach

Map measurements to a shared axis, classify by zone.

DHLC maps standard pharmacological measurements, including half-activation voltage shifts, EC50 fold-shifts, and binding affinity changes, into a dimensionless displacement value.

Compounds land in one of five activity zones. The boundary structure is derived from the HCE framework rather than tuned to a training set, and a dual-mode multi-target rule separates distributed synergy from dominant-primary activity.

Five activity zones

Categorical classifier output, threshold values withheld

01

Noise floor

Activity indistinguishable from background assay variability.

02

Subthreshold

Detectable engagement below standalone therapeutic effect.

03

Basin entry

Lowest zone with consistent therapeutic activity.

04

Full capture

Strong primary-target engagement for standard therapeutics.

05

Destabilization

Excessive engagement, tool-compound or toxin regime.

Distributed multi-target compounds are classified differently from dominant-primary multi-target compounds, because the clinical profile comes from a different pharmacological structure.

03 · Validation

Two independent stages, both passed.

The retrospective set establishes that the method resolves the cases it was designed to handle. The prospective blinded study tests whether the locked baseline generalizes to novel compounds.

01

Retrospective development set, 136 compounds across six families

Bounded refinement under a strict no-regression guardrail improved concordance from the locked baseline to the final development-set result.

Concordance progression

Retrospective development set, n = 136

Step 0

Baseline configuration

96.3%

131 of 136 concordant

Step 1

Threshold refinement

97.8%

133 of 136 concordant; atenolol and cetirizine resolved

Step 2

Dual-mode rule

100%

136 of 136 concordant; multi-target edge cases resolved

Zero regressions across optimization steps
Zero regressions across optimization steps

02

Prospective blinded validation, 60 novel compounds

The analyst received de-identified compound codes, family assignments, and pharmacological parameter values. Compound names, structures, clinical status, and multi-target flags were withheld until after hashed prediction submission.

Protocol and audit signals

88.3%

concordance, 53 of 60

Exceeded all pre-specified success thresholds: 80% concordance, 85% sensitivity, and 70% specificity. The result reflects the prospective-locked baseline configuration.

Novel compounds

60

Embedded controls

5

95% CI

77.8-94.2

Pre-specified bar

80%

Study controls

Protocol and audit signals

Control

Purpose

Status

De-identified compound packet

Prevent identity leakage into classification

complete

SHA-256 hashed predictions

Lock predictions before unblinding

complete

Encrypted code mapping

Retain audit trail from code to identity

retained

No prospective feedback

Prevent optimization against validation cohort

enforced

Interpretation

The 100% retrospective result is not the headline accuracy claim.

It represents the optimized development-set result under a no-regression guardrail. The cleaner generalization signal is the prospective-locked blinded result: 88.3% concordance on 60 novel compounds.

04 · Comparison against standard ML

Standard classifiers fail on a specific structural pattern.

Random Forest and Support Vector Machine classifiers were tested across matched inputs, ECFP4 molecular fingerprints, and RDKit physicochemical descriptors. Errors concentrated on multi-target compounds.

Random Forest, RDKit

Aripiprazole misclassified in 50 of 50 seeds

Clonidine misclassified in 32 of 50 seeds. The model lacked the multi-target metadata needed for the correct answer.

Random Forest, ECFP4

Zone accuracy 63.2%

Molecular-substructure features did not encode the relevant pharmacological structure for distributed and dominant-primary cases.

SVM, matched inputs

Failed on amiodarone

The clinical profile depends on classification mode, not primary-target activity alone.

Scope note

This comparison is intentionally narrow.

Graph neural networks, drug-target-interaction-aware models, and large pre-trained chemical models were not tested in this benchmark. The comparison establishes that the specific baselines tested did not eliminate multi-target failures.

05 · Coverage

Six target families, one shared axis.

DHLC has been validated across major small-molecule target classes in neuroscience and cardiovascular pharmacology.

Voltage-gated K+

Kv7

Anticonvulsants, neuropathic pain, KCNQ-family openers and inhibitors.

Voltage-gated Na+

Nav1.x

Local anesthetics, antiarrhythmics, sodium-channel blockers, and state-dependent calibration.

Ligand-gated Cl-

GABA-A

Anxiolytics, sedatives, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, and barbiturates.

Voltage-gated Ca2+

Cav L-type

Cardiovascular and neurological applications, including calcium-channel modulators.

Hyperpolarization-activated

HCN

Cardiac rate control, neuropathic pain, and pacemaker-current modulation.

G-protein-coupled

GPCR

Dopaminergic, serotonergic, opioid, muscarinic, histaminergic, beta-adrenergic, and alpha-adrenergic families.

06 · Applications

Four ways the method changes a workflow.

A shared pharmacological axis and a dual-mode multi-target rule enable comparisons that are difficult under target-by-target scoring.

Lead prioritization

Rank mechanistically diverse candidates on a single axis during lead optimization.

Multi-target characterization

Separate therapeutic-via-synergy from therapeutic-via-primary-target pharmacology.

Drug repositioning

Re-examine discontinued compounds whose failure may have been indication-specific.

Safety signal detection

Flag narrow-therapeutic-index patterns and destabilization-zone compounds earlier.

07 · Independent review and IP

External validation, defended filing position.

DHLC sits behind a defended IP perimeter and independently audited validation work.

07 · Independent review and IP

Prospective validation and audit conducted by Clark Jones, PhD, pharmaceutical scientist and founder of CJ Scientific LLC.

Clark Jones received the de-identified compound packet, executed the predictions, hashed the result file, and conducted the retrospective audit and prospective unblinding.

Dr. Jones was paid to conduct the blinded analysis. Compensation was not tied to outcomes, and he holds no financial interest in HCE. A manuscript reporting methodology and results is in preparation.

Intellectual property

A pending U.S. patent portfolio covers the methodology end to end.

The portfolio covers cross-family screening, dual-mode multi-target classification, no-regression optimization methods, and deployed classifier system architecture.

  • Licensing discussions with pharmaceutical and biotech partners
  • Evaluation partnerships on partner compound sets
  • Co-development for additional target families
  • Collaborative prospective validation studies

08 · Engage

Two paths to a deeper conversation.

Evaluate DHLC on your own compound set.

Under mutual NDA, HCE can walk through the DHLC methodology, calibration approach, dual-mode rule, and validation protocol. Evaluation partnerships can be structured as blinded or open studies.

Discuss licensing or co-development.

HCE is open to licensing conversations, target-family extension work, and collaborative prospective validation studies with pharma and biotech partners.